موقع طلبة جامعة البحرين

يمكنك تصفح الموقع كزائر ولكن ندعوك لتسجيل عضوية خاصة بك لتحصل على كافة الصلاحيات مثل تنزيل ملفات المكتبة وقراءة تعليقات هيئة التدريس وغيرها. يمكنك الحصول على عضوية مجانية بالضغط على زر تسجيل. إذا قمت بالتسجيل مسبقا فيمكنك الضغط على زر دخول.

تسجيل دخول
  • قسم المكتبة الجامعية مغلق مؤقتا بعد الاستهداف التي تعرضت له بعض خدمات أمازون في البحرين، جاري استرجاع الملفات ونقلها إلى سيرفرات جديدة وسيتم بعدها اعادة افتتاح المكتبة

MGT131 - للدراسة والمناقشة - الفصل الصيفي (2011-3) !

  • بادئ الموضوع بادئ الموضوع x0x0x
  • تاريخ البدء تاريخ البدء
طلاب الدكتور عادل
بكرة اخر يوم نحضر ؟
 
جم جبتر ويانه ف الفاينل?
يصير تسون النوتات مال ايفيلينا كوبي هني

وبعد كويز يوم الخميس بس في جبتر 6 !
 
اي بس جبتر ٦
بكون ١٠ ملتبل جويز و١٠ ترو اند فولس بدون رايتنق
 
مقتبس من Ajmel e7sas:
شلون تقريبا
خلصتون المقرر اليوم ؟

ابي اروح للدكتور بكون موجود بكرة ؟
اضغط هنا للتوسيع ...

ا
مممم اليوم خلصنآ المقرر وقالنآ الدكتور بيعطينآ كوز تعويضي يوم الخميس بدل الكوز الصعب :RpS_love:
 
تعويضي بتاخذ الافضل
 
و الله زين وفكرة حلوة ترى التعويضي شيء عجيب .. لان اكي بتجيبون درجات افضضل واحسن
ان شاء الله تجيبون كلكم درجــإأت زيننة :whistling:
 
مقتبس من x0x0x:
ا
مممم اليوم خلصنآ المقرر وقالنآ الدكتور بيعطينآ كوز تعويضي يوم الخميس بدل الكوز الصعب :RpS_love:
اضغط هنا للتوسيع ...

في شنو لـكوز ؟
و ما قال شنو نوعيـة الأسـئلة ؟
 
انزين لو سمحتون حطو لينه النوتات هني
سوو الكلام كوبي هني
 
جباتر الفاينل :nosweat:
 
MGT 131 – Ch 11
The Role of Information Technology in Business




Information Technology in Business
Business is constantly changing
•Business and managers must not rely in outdated ways of operating but must have and know how to use the latest technology
The ability to adapt by embracing technology can result in better business results


ROLE OF IT IN BUSINES
•BRIEF HISTORY OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
•To understand why technology matters today, one should have a basic understanding of the past – business technology has changed names and roles
•Data processing (DP) – the name for business technology in the 1970s. Its primary purpose was to improve the flow of financial information


ROLE OF IT IN BUSINESS
•DATA – this is raw, unanalyzed, and un- organized facts and figures
•Information is the processed and organized data that can be used for managerial decision making
•Data processing was used to support an existing business; it primary purpose was to improve the flow of financial information


IT
•Information – in the 1980’s business technology became known as information systems (IS) – information is the processed and organized data that can be used for managerial decision making
•While data processing was behind the scenes activity, information systems soon moved into the center of the business


IT
•Its role changed from supporting the business to doing the business
•Customers began to interact with a wide array of technological tools from automated teller machines (ATMs) to voice mail



How do you use technology as a consumer?
•As IT breaks time and location barriers, it creates organizations and services that are independent of location
•The NASDAQ and the Eurex are electronic stock exchanges without trading floors
•Buyers and sellers make trades by computer
•Being independent of location brings work to people instead of bringing people to work
•Business can be carried on around the globe continuously making physical location less important

IT
•Regardless of business size, effective use of technology frees companies from the constraints of a physical locati
•Team members and clients can communicate in several ways, called virtualization.
•Virtualization is accessibility or reachable through technology that allows business to be conducted independent of location
•You can carry a virtual office in your briefcase, pocket or purse, using such tools as Blackberries or wireless-enabled laptop computers



IT​


  • [*=left]The way people do business drastically changes when companies increase their technological capabilities
    [*=left]Electronic communication can provide substantial time savings, whether you work in an office, at home or on the road
    [*=left]E mail ends the slow job of telephone calls and is far faster than paper based correspondence


IT​


  • [*=left]Instant messaging (IM) allows businesses to communicate in real time, for free, via computer is now a favourite business real time communication tool
    [*=left]The first thing many business people do after they turn on their computers is to see who is logged onto IM
    [*=left]Many business professionals can participate in multiple conversations at once
    [*=left]The advantage to IM in business is that IM is immediate, even more so than e-mail, and there is no additional incremental cost, which makes overseas communication easier and cheaper


E-Business and e-Commerce​


  • [*=left]E-Business is any electronic business data exchange using any electronic device
    [*=left]E-Commerce is selling products or services online through e-business
    [*=left]E-business involves more than just selling
    [*=left]It can be as simple as being able to log on to a Web site and see the availability of a particular product

E-Business and e-Commerce​


  • [*=left]It can mean being able to check bank statements with your bank on line or being able to visit a company Web site to view new products on the market
    [*=left]Unlike e commerce which results in a transaction or exchange e business does not have to be an exchange of money or goods; e business is often simply information sharing.

E-Business and e-Commerce​


  • [*=left]Any business participating or taking part in e commerce is engaging in e-business, while a business may engage in e-business without necessarily doing e-commerce
    [*=left]Sometimes today there is too much information available and this is known as ‘information overload.’



Managing Information​


  • [*=left]New technologies of today make a difference in our lives but they can be useless or somewhat oppressive if we do not know how
    [*=left]To use and manage the information we receive
    [*=left]With voice mail, e-mail, the Internet, iPods, text messaging, and IM, business people can feel overwhelmed with information
    [*=left]This information overload is called infoglut

Managing Information​


  • [*=left]To avoid this overload some measures we can take include:
    [*=left]Usefulness is based on the four characteristics:
    [*=left]1 Quality: this means the information is accurate and reliable
    [*=left]2 Completeness: there must be enough information to allow individuals to make a decision but not so much as to confuse the issue
    [*=left]Today the problem is over too much info rather than too little


Managing Information​


  • [*=left]Timeliness: information must reach business owners and managers quickly. Sales information from two years ago must be
    [*=left]Available when needed to accurately compile a sales forecast – if locating that information takes several weeks to pull up that information, it may be virtually useless, because a decision may already have been made


Managing Information​


  • [*=left]Relevance: information systems often provide us with too much data
    [*=left]Managers need to learn to ask the right questions, in order to get the relevant data they need.
    [*=left]People must get easy to use, organized data when they need it, which is where data storage comes in

Managing Information​


  • [*=left]Data warehouse – this is an electronic storage place for data on a specific subject (such as sales) over a period of time
    [*=left]Data mining – looking for hidden patterns in the data in a data warehouse and discovering relationships among the data
    [*=left]In Internet retail, data mining is called shopping cart analysis – here a manager can see what items people buy together, and as a result make recommendations on product placement
    [*=left]This kind of data can increase sales and is useful in big and small businesses.







​
 
^^ هذي نوتات ايفيلينا !:RpS_blink:
 
CH.9
INTRODUCTION TO MARKETING


Marketing
•Marketing
•This is the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion and distribution of goods and services to facilitate exchanges that satisfy individual and organizational objectives



The Eight Functions of Marketing
•These functions are all about finding an unmet need in the market, and then providing that product or service to customers, but what does this really mean?
•There is much more to marketing than advertising, which is commonly confused with marketing – this is a part of the promotion element of marketing


Eight Functions
•Exchange
•1Buying: this consists of inventing and developing or procuring or getting products to fit the needs of the customer. These needs are determined or found out through marketing research
•2Selling: When customers are informed of a product, selling is taking place, and it can be done through many methods; packaging and advertising to the consumers are two approaches

•Physical Distribution
•3Transportation: Obviously goods must be transported from the factory to the final place they will be sold via some mode of transportation. Transportation is much more complicated today because many companies are producing products overseas and bringing them to other countries to sell
•4Storage: sometimes companies are not ready to bring products directly to the consumer
•Many goods cannot be sold immediately and must be stored
•This involves storage costs and insurance when the product is in storage in can damage occurs – an example of this is cheese

•Facilitating
•5Quality and quantity: companies must understand the quality standards of the product they offer in order to meet or exceed customer expectations
•A neighbourhood grocer must be constantly concerned with the quality of produce it sells
•If it is not of high quality it is likely that customers will not come back
•The quality must satisfy the customer demand

•6Financial: there needs to be methods and procedures for payment to those who provided the product, often the wholesalers and other suppliers
•Also the price that suppliers and wholesalers charge for the products to the company will in turn affect the company’s pricing of its products to the consumers


•7Risk: buying, transporting and selling products bear some risk to the marketer
•Marketers must take possible risks into consideration, such as consumers not being willing to buy the goods or services at the prices offered or competitors offering products that are less expensive or of higher quality


•8Marketing information: there are many tasks marketing professionals must complete in order to successfully sell products and services to consumers
•Some of these tasks include setting prices, determining how sales of the product or service will help companies meet their financial objectives, reviewing marketing research and looking at competitors ‘ marketing information
•Marketing must change with the continual changes taking place




Market Segmentation
•Now we must look at how to start marketing.
•The first thing is to find out who is your target market?
•This means segmenting the market.
•Market segmentation
•This is the process of dividing the total market into several groups whose members have similar characteristics


Market Segmentation
•Because consumer groups differ greatly in age, education level, income and taste, a business usually cannot fill the needs of every group
•It must decide which groups to serve and then develop products and services especially tailored to those needs
•The process of dividing the total market into several groups, whose members have similar characteristics, is called market segmentation


Market Segmentation
•Selecting which groups (market segments) an organization can serve profitably is called target marketing
•The issue is finding the right target market- the segment that would be most profitable to serve – for the new venture.



Segmenting the Consumer Market
•There are several ways a firm can segment the consumer market
•Target marketing – choosing the market segment for a marketer to focus its efforts on
•Geographic segmentation – dividing the market by geographic area – cities, counties, states, regions, etc.


Market Segmentation
•Demographic segmentation
•Segmentation by age, income, and education level, race, profession, or religion
•Psychographic segmentation
•Segmentation by lifestyle, values, attitudes and interests
•Benefit segmentation – determining or deciding which benefits are preferred and using those benefits to promote a product




Market Segmentation
•Volume or usage segmentation
•Separating the market by usage (volume of product use) or how often a product is used
•Niche Marketing
•The process of finding small but profitable market segments and designing or finding products for them
•Relationship marketing – a marketing strategy with a goal to keep individual customers over time by offering them new products that exactly meet their requirements



The 4PS OF MARKETING
•PRODUCT – PRICE - Promotion – Place of distribution
•Marketing cannot occur without pleasing one’s customers because no one would be in business without them
•Marketing Management – the process of overseeing all of the aspects of marketing a particular product or service for the purpose of attracting and retaining customers



Total Product Offer
•Reviewing the total product offer is the first, and perhaps most important way to look at a product
•Total product offer
•This consists of everything that consumers evaluate when deciding whether to buy something


Total Product Offer
•Total product offer may also consist of everything to do with the product such as packaging (Tangible) or intangibles such as the reputation of the producer and the image created by advertising (intangible)
•Potential components or parts of a total product offer - price, brand name, convenience, package, store surroundings, service, internet access, buyer’s past experience, guarantee, speed of delivery, image created by advertising, reputation of producer
•Marketing research can tell us which benefits customers are looking for​
 
THE HUMAN RESOURCE PROCESS
CH.8



The Human Resource Process
•Human Resource Management
•The process of determining human resource needs and then recruiting, selecting, training and developing, compensating, appraising, and scheduling employees to achieve organizational goals



HR
•Human resource departments have broad responsibilities
•The are involved in the legal aspects of employment, such as monitoring for illegal immigrants and also responsible for motivating people to laying off people because of jobs being relocated overseas



HR •
The Human Resources Process
•There are 3 processes
•(a) determining human resource needs
•(b) recruiting from a diverse population
•(c) selecting employees


HR
•Determining Human Resource Needs
•All management, including human resource management, begins with planning
•5 steps are involved in the human resource planning:
•(a) Prepare a human resource inventory of the organization’s employees – this inventory or stock list should include names, education, capabilities, training, specialized skills and other information which is important to the organization, eg languages spoken


HR
•Such information revels whether or not the labour force is technically up-to-date, thoroughly trained, and so forth
•(b) prepare a job anlaysis – a job analysis is a study of what is done by employees who hold various jobs titles. Such analysis are necessary in order to recruit employees with the skills to do the job and decide what extra training is needed



HR
•The results of job analysis is two written statements: job descriptions and job specifications
•Job description – this specifies the objectives of the job, the type of work to be done, the responsibilities and duties, the working conditions and the relationship of the job to other functions

HR
•Job specifications – a written summary of the minimum qualifications (education, skills, etc) required of workers to do a particular job
•They are statements about the job, whereas job specifications are statements about the person who does the job
•(c) assesses future human resource demand – because of rapid changes in technology, training programmes must be started long before the need is apparent or visible
•In this way trained staff are available when they are needed


HR
•4 Assess future supply – the labour force is constantly shifting; people are getting older, becoming more technically oriented, being aware of diversity, and so forth. There are likely to be increased shortages of some workers in the future and an oversupply of others
•5 Establish a human resource strategic plan – this plan must address recruiting, selecting, training and developing, appraising, compensating and scheduling the labour force – the previous 4 steps build into this plan



HR
•Recruitment – this is the set of activities used to obtain a sufficient number of the right people at the right time; its purpose is to select those who best meet the needs of the organization
•Recruitment may sound simple, but that is not always the case for the following reasons:


HR
•Some organizations have policies that demand promotions from within, operate under union regulations, or offer low wages, which make recruiting and keeping employees difficult or subject to outside influence and restrictions
•The emphasis on corporate cultures, teamwork and participative management make it important to hire people who not only are skilled but who fit the culture and leadership style of the organization


HR
•Sometimes people with the necessary skills are not available in this case, workers must be hired and then trained internally
•The geographic area or location of the business can make recruiting difficult. If a business is in a small town it may be difficult to find qualified people to fill open positions
•Globalization is adding a new challenge. As companies expand into overseas markets, recruiting becomes more complex because customers and cultures are different

HR •Because recruiting is a difficult task that involves finding, hiring, and training people who are appropriate technical and social fit, human resource managers turn to many sources for assistance
•These sources are classified as either internal or external
•Internal sources include employees who are already within the firm (and may be transferred or promoted) thus such prospects are called internal candidates


HR
•Sometimes employees recommend to hire others from within the firm
•It is cheaper to hire from within
•Maintaining employee motivation is one of the greatest advantage of hiring from within
•It is not always possible to find qualified workers within the company, so human resource managers must use external recruitment sources to hire external candidates


HR
•External candidates are people who are not currently working within the company
•They can be hired through online or print advertisements, public and private employment agencies, college placement agencies, professional organizations, referrals and walk in applications
•Recruiting qualified applicants is not always easy for small business because they do not have enough staff and cannot offer competitive conditions


HR
•Selection of employees – this is the process of gathering information and deciding who should be hired, under legal guidelines, for the best interests of the individual and the organization
•A typical selection process involves six steps:
•ONE -Obtain complete application forms – these forms can help the employer find the applicant’s educational background, past work experience, career objectives, and other qualifications directly related to the requirements of the job

•TWO – Conduct initial and follow up interviews – a staff manager from the HR department often screens applicants in a first interview
•If the interviewer considers this is a good applicant the manager who will supervise the applicant interviews the applicant as well
•It is important to prepare well for the interview and ask the correct questions because to ask the wrong ones may be expensive

•Sometimes the first interview is done over the phone
•You must not ask personal questions or about the applicant’s family
•THREE- Give employment tests – these may help to measure basic competencies in specific job skills, eg word processing
•The assessment must be related to the job

•FOUR – conduct background investigations
•Most organizations now investigate a candidate’s work record, school record, credit history, and references more carefully than they have in the past
•Background checks often help an employer identify which candidates are more likely to succeed in a given postion


•FIVE – Obtain results from physical exams
•There are obvious benefits to hiring physically and mentally healthy people
•SIX – Establish trial (probationary periods)
•Sometimes organizations hire employees conditionally, which allows the person to prove his or her worth on the job
•After the probationary period the organization may keep or drop the employee


•Instead of hiring full time workers organizations may hire contingent workers – these are workers who do not have the expectation of regular, full time employment
•These include part time workers, temporary workers, contractors, etc.





​
 
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نبذة عن UOB-BH

تم افتتاح الموقع في عام 2007 ليمثل بيئة لتبادل ومشاركة المعلومات بين الطلبة بهدف دعم الطالب خلال مشواره الجامعي ورفع مستوى تحصيله العلمي بما يدفع بعجلة التعليم في مملكة البحرين.

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