Building Insulation

[TooT.TaN]

When designing a building, the architect should take in his consideration a lot of things, one of them the insulations, which is determined by the nature of the surrounding environment.

There are different types of condoms, including:

1- Damp insualtions.
2- Heat insulation.
3- Acoustic insulation.
4- Fire insulation.



To Be Continued =]​

 

[TooT.TaN]

Of the most important direct effects caused by moisture damage to the structural elements leading to short lifespan of the building or the construction of an avalanche or stimulate the insects to live in them and thus cause harmful diseases to humans.

Dampness reasons:

1- The orientation of the building.
2- Rain water.
3- Surface water.
4- Ground water.
5- Poor drainage.



The impact of humidity:

- Creation of an unhealthy situation for individuals who use the building

- damage to the walls, floors and roofs

- damage the paints for buildings

- A curve and the corruption and the weakness of the wood used in building.

- Corrosion of iron used in the buildings.

- Corruption of electrical wiring and wiring connections electromechanical.




To select the type of insulation , it must be identified:

[1]
The purpose of insulation in buildings:
- Ground insulation.
- Basement insulation
- Bathrooms & kitchens insulation.
- Ceilings and the upper surfaces insulation.

[2]
The nature of the land on which buildings are built upon:
- The land of dry sandy or rocky
- Mud dry
- Mud saturated with water
- Mud or sand is exposed to water leakage from sources surrounding

[3]
the nature of the atmosphere in areas held by the buildings: - Moderate humidity, light rain weather.
- Moderate humidity, moderate rainfall weather.
- High-moisture harvesting weather.
- Snowy weather.


The purpose of the insulating layers of the moisture is prevent the ingress of moisture or water from one region to another.
And the waterproofing is the way that prevents the passage moisture or water between the construction materials from their spread within the buildings.



I. Flexible Materials:


[1] Metal Sheets, including:

a- Lead panels:

Where the thickness of the board at least 3 mm. And is a good lead blocker for moisture.

b- Copper sheets:

Should be the thickness of the board at least 25, mm. Copper is a blocker and a good moisture and water is also material for Soft and endurance qualities of higher tensile strength and indentation, even when building landing light.

c- Aluminum plates:

Aluminum plates resist corrosion. Easy to use as a buffer to cover the external surfaces of the walls and domes due to maintenance of non-expensive and easy to install.

d- Galvanized iron sheets:

Resist corrosion only after the damage covered by the class lattice.

e- Steel Stainless Sheets:

Resistance to corrosion and factors often used in the obvious places

[2] Bitumen

the bitumen is from the flexible material that resists buckling buildings without damage, is one of the more materials used to isolate the humidity because of the cheap cost comparison for the rest of the insulation material other than its flexibility and ease of use and resistance to the proliferation of fungi.


[3] Liquid dielectric water

This liquid is made from mixing the paraffin to the oil and this mixture is painted by brushes or sprayed by liquid spray machines.

[4] Tarpaulin polyethylene

A black color and to use it, it thickness should be at least 46, mm. it is one of the flexible material that resists buckling effect of the decline in the buildings.



II. Semi Rigid Materials.

[1] Asphalt

A good damp insulator but one of its advantages that it can’t resist the high tension so it may crack the water can pass through it.

It is divided into:
a-Natural asphalt
b- Industrial Asphalt
c-Mastic Asphalt; a mixture of an asphalt and rubber.

[2] Damp Proofing Rolls

- A material with a strong possibility of isolating, which is the species most commonly used to isolate the water and moisture in the surface. Have the ability to lock onto the roofs have a resistance to humidity and high temperatures.

[3]Asphalt shingles

Shingles are used commonly on curved surfaces due to easy installation and resistance to moisture and rain.


III: Rigid Materials

[1] cement plaster.

This material behaves to be a good insulator.

[2] Integral Water proofing

mixing additional material for the concrete to stop the water permeability by filling the spaces between the grains of the concrete components to prevent the permeability of water in it.

[3] Slate Sheets

these sheets often used throughout history to isolate the humidity before the discovery of the bitumen and asphalt, a Slate Sheets two layers of plaster inside the buildings as a buffer.

[4]Asbestos Shingles

small asbestos pieces have many forms to be installed on the roofs on top of each other.

To Be Continued

​

 

[El NiNO 11]

The other kind of building insulation is the thermal insulation

Buildings are large consumers of energy in all countries. In harsh climatic conditions, a substantial share of energy goes to the air-conditioning of buildings. This air-conditioning load can be reduced through many means; notable among them is the proper design and selection of building envelope and its components.

The term thermal insulation can refer to materials used to reduce the rate of heat transfer or the methods and processes used to reduce heat transfer.

This section sets out the criteria against which insulation systems should be selected:

- Performance in use and longevity
- Stability and expected effective life.
- U-values achieved in practice, including basis of calculation of the design performance; for example, does the design performance assume some degree of initial loss.
- Vulnerability to factors affecting performance including moisture, movement and compression of fill, and vermin attack.
- Durability of treatments such as flame retardants.


• Impact on building design.
-Thickness of the insulation material and effect on floors and external wall thickness.
-Opportunities to incorporate the insulation into other aspects of building function; for example, creating falls to flat roofs using tapered products, or the use of a roof void as habitable space.
-The effect of retro-fit insulation solutions on a selection of facade options; for example, insulated render as opposed to rain screen panels.
-Ease of future upgrades.
-Initial capital cost.


• Build ability.
-Detailing required achieving thermal integrity, including avoidance of cold bridges, air-flow paths, opportunities for settlement or compression of fill and other movement during and after construction.
-Requirements for vapor and radiant barriers to maintain performance.
-Ease of forming to shape and size, and availability of pre-cut materials.
-Ease of testing and inspection.
-Ability to undertake remedial work without significant disturbance to other work.
-Health and safety considerations for installers.



General Advantages of Thermal Insulation

Thermal insulation has many advantages;
•It makes your home more comfortable by stabilizing the temperature; and a stable temperature means a decrease in the cost of heating or cooling the house, hence a decrease in the consumption of power.
•Efficient power usage saves you money, and it saves the environment by reducing green house gas output.
•Other advantages of Thermal insulation are the additional health and wellbeing benefits which are derived from a comfortable home.


Thermal insulation materials:

[1]Cellulose

Cellulose insulation made from recycled paper is becoming popular as an environmentally preferable material for building insulation. It can be treated with boric acid as a fire retardant.

[2]Glass wool

Glass wool is an insulating material, made from fiber glass, arranged into a texture similar to wool. Glass wool is produced in rolls or in slabs, with different thermal and mechanical properties.


[3]Mineral wool

Mineral wool, mineral fibers or man-made mineral fibers are fibers made from natural or synthetic minerals or metal oxides. The latter term is generally used to refer solely to synthetic materials including fiberglass, ceramic fibers and rock or stone wool. Industrial applications of mineral wool include thermal insulation, filtration, soundproofing, and germination of seedlings.


[4]Polystyrene

Polystyrene, sometimes abbreviated PS, is an aromatic polymer made from the aromatic monomer styrene, a liquid hydrocarbon that is commercially manufactured from petroleum by the chemical industry. Polystyrene is one of the most widely used kinds of plastic.
Polystyrene is a thermoplastic substance, which is in solid (glassy) state at room temperature, but flows if heated above its glass transition temperature (for molding or extrusion), and becoming solid again when cooling off. Pure solid polystyrene is a colorless, hard plastic with limited flexibility. It can be cast into molds with fine detail. Polystyrene can be transparent or can be made to take on various colors.



[5]Polyurethane

A polyurethane, IUPAC abbreviation PUR, but commonly abbreviated PU, is any polymer consisting of a chain of organic units joined by urethane (carbamate) links. Polyurethane polymers are formed through step-growth polymerization by reacting a monomer containing at least two isocyanate functional groups with another monomer containing at least two hydroxyl (alcohol) groups in the presence of a catalyst.
Polyurethane formulations cover an extremely wide range of stiffness, hardness, and densities. One of them the Low-density rigid foam used for thermal insulation and RTM cores.


[6]Vermiculite

Vermiculite is a natural mineral that expands with the application of heat. The expansion process is called exfoliation and it is routinely accomplished in purpose-designed commercial furnaces. Vermiculite is formed by hydration of certain basaltic minerals. Large commercial vermiculite mines currently exist in South Africa, China, Brazil and several other countries.
o molded shapes, bonded with sodium silicate for use in:
o high-temperature insulation
o refractory insulation
o fireproofing of structural steel and pipes


To Be Continued​

 

[Ayhara Kotoko]

valuable and well illustrated information

thanks for your effort

 

[ARGMAN]

Thanks that was fantastic

I wanna know more about acoustic insulations